Kafka (om_kafka)
This module implements an Apache Kafka producer for publishing event records to a Kafka topic. See also the im_kafka module.
| The om_kafka module is not supported on IBM AIX as the underlying librdkafka library is unstable on this operating system. Use om_kafka on IBM AIX at your own risk. |
The module uses an internal persistent queue to back up event records that should be pushed to a Kafka broker. Once the module receives an acknowledgement from the Kafka server that the message has been delivered successfully, the module removes the corresponding message from the internal queue. If the module is unable to deliver a message to a Kafka broker (for example, due to connectivity issues or the Kafka server being down), this message is retained in the internal queue (including cases when NXLog restarts) and the module will attempt to re-deliver the message again.
The number of re-delivery attempts can be specified by passing the
message.send.max.retries property via the Option
directive (for
example, Option message.send.max.retries 5). By default, the number of retries
is set to 2 and the time interval between two subsequent retries is 5 minutes.
Thus, by altering the number of retries, it is possible to control the total
time for a message to remain in the internal queue. If a message cannot be
delivered within the allowed retry attempts, the message is dropped. The
maximum size of the internal queue defaults to 100 messages. To increase the
size of the internal queue, you can use the LogqueueSize directive.
Configuration
The om_kafka module accepts the following directives in addition to the common module directives. The BrokerList and Topic directives are required.
Required directives
The following directives are required for the module to start.
This directive specifies the list of Kafka brokers to connect to for publishing logs.
The list should include ports and be comma-delimited (for example,
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This directive specifies the initial Kafka topic to publish records to. You can change the active topic after the module starts with the set_kafka_topic() procedure. |
SASL directives
The following directives are used for authentication and data security using SASL.
This directive specifies the Kerberos service name to be used for SASL authentication.
The service name is required for the |
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This specifies the client’s Kerberos principal name for the |
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Specifies the path to the kerberos keytab file which contains the client’s allocated principal name.
This directive is only available on Linux/UNIX and is mandatory when SASLMechanism is set to
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This optional directive specifies the SASL mechanism to use for authentication.
Supported mechanisms are |
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This directive specifies the public identifier for the application.
It must be unique across all clients that the authorization server handles.
This directive is mandatory when SASLMechanism is set to |
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This directive specifies the secret known only to the application and the authorization server.
This should be a sufficiently random string that is not guessable. This directive is mandatory when SASLMechanism is set to |
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This directive specifies the OAUTH issuer token endpoint HTTP(S) URI used to retrieve the token.
This directive is mandatory when SASLMechanism is set to |
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This directive specifies additional parameters as a comma-separated list of key=value pairs to be provided to the broker.
For example: |
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This directive specifies a scope of the access request to the broker. This directive is optional and only available when SASLMechanism is set to |
TLS/SSL directives
The following directives configure secure data transfer via TLS/SSL.
Specifies if the connection should be allowed with an expired certificate.
If set to |
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Specifies if the certificate FQDN should be validated against the server hostname or not.
If set to |
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Specifies if the connection should be allowed regardless of the certificate verification results.
If set to |
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Path to a directory containing certificate authority (CA) certificates. These certificates will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. The certificate files must be named using the OpenSSL hashed format, i.e. the hash of the certificate followed by .0, .1 etc. To find the hash of a certificate using OpenSSL: For example, if the certificate hash is A remote host’s self-signed certificate (which is not signed by a CA) can also be trusted by including a copy of the certificate in this directory. |
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Path of the certificate authority (CA) certificate that will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. A remote host’s self-signed certificate (which is not signed by a CA) can be trusted by specifying the remote host certificate itself. In the case of certificates signed by an intermediate CA, the certificate specified must contain the complete certificate chain (certificate bundle). |
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This optional directive, supported only on Windows, defines a pattern for locating a suitable CA (Certificate Authority) certificate and its thumbprint in the native Windows Certificate Storage.
The pattern must follow PCRE2 rules and use the format Configuration examples: or A normal log output example would look like as follows: This directive is only supported on Windows. |
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This optional directive, supported only on Windows, specifies the thumbprint of the certificate authority (CA) certificate that will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. The hexadecimal fingerprint string can be copied from Windows Certificate Manager (certmgr.msc). Whitespaces are automatically removed. The certificate must be added to a Windows certificate store that is accessible by NXLog. This directive is mutually exclusive with the CADir, CAFile and CAPattern directives. |
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Path of the certificate file that will be presented to the remote host during the SSL handshake. |
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Path of the private key file that was used to generate the certificate specified by the CertFile directive. This is used for the SSL handshake. |
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This optional directive, supported only on Windows, defines a pattern for identifying a corresponding certificate and its thumbprint within the native Windows Certificate Storage.
The pattern must follow PCRE2 rules and use the format Configuration examples: or A normal log output example would look like as follows: |
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This optional directive, supported only on Windows, specifies the thumbprint of the certificate that will be presented to the remote server during the HTTPS handshake.
The hexadecimal fingerprint string can be copied from Windows Certificate Manager (certmgr.msc).
Whitespaces are automatically removed.
The certificate must be imported to the When the global directive UseCNGCertificates is set to
On the contrary, when the global directive UseCNGCertificates is set to The usage of the directive is the same in all cases: This directive is only supported on Windows and is mutually exclusive with the CertFile and CertKeyFile directives. |
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Path to a directory containing certificate revocation list (CRL) files. These CRL files will be used to check for certificates that were revoked and should no longer be accepted. The files must be named using the OpenSSL hashed format, i.e. the hash of the issuer followed by .r0, .r1 etc. To find the hash of the issuer of a CRL file using OpenSSL: For example if the hash is |
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Path of the certificate revocation list (CRL) which will be used to check for certificates that have been revoked and should no longer be accepted. Example to generate a CRL file using OpenSSL: |
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This optional directive specifies a file with dh-parameters for Diffie-Hellman key exchange. These parameters can be generated with dhparam(1ssl). If this directive is not specified, default parameters will be used. See the OpenSSL Wiki for further details. |
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Passphrase of the private key specified by the CertKeyFile directive. A passphrase is required when the private key is encrypted. The following example generates a private key with Triple DES encryption using OpenSSL: This directive is not required for passwordless private keys. |
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If set to This directive is only supported on Windows. |
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Specifies if the remote host must present a certificate.
If set to |
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This optional directive, supported only on Windows, if set to |
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The signature algorithm parameter that is being sent to the Windows SSL library. Allowed values depend on the available encryption providers. This directive is only supported on Windows. |
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This optional directive specifies the hostname used for Server Name Indication (SNI). |
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This optional directive can be used to set the permitted cipher list for TLSv1.2 and below, overriding the default.
Use the format described in the ciphers(1ssl) man page.
For example specify
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This optional directive can be used to set the permitted cipher list for TLSv1.3. Use the same format as in the SSLCipher directive. Refer to the OpenSSL documentation for a list of valid TLS v1.3 cipher suites. The default value is:
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Specifies if data compression is enabled when sending data over the network.
The compression mechanism is based on the zlib compression library.
The default value is
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This directive can be used to set the allowed SSL/TLS protocol(s). It takes a comma-separated list of values which can be any of the following: |
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If set to TRUE, the module uses the Windows Cryptography API: Next Generation (CNG) to access the private keys associated with certificates identified by a thumbprint. This directive is only supported on Windows. |
Optional directives
This directive defines the maximum number of topic handlers om_kafka caches.
The module starts with one topic handler, defined by the Topic directive, and creates further topic handlers when you call the set_kafka_topic() procedure.
If the number of saved topics reaches the limit, the module will delete the topic handler unused for the longest time before creating a new one.
This directive accepts a number greater than zero.
The default value is Determining the optimal maximum value depends on the number of topics you’re using and your environment. An insufficient number of allocated topic handlers will result in more CPU usage. However, more topic handlers require more memory. |
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This directive can be used to pass a custom configuration property to the Kafka library (librdkafka).
For example, the group ID string can be set with
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This optional integer directive specifies the topic partition to write to. If this directive is not given, messages are sent without a partition specified. |
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This optional directive specifies the protocol to use for connecting to the Kafka brokers.
Accepted values include |
Functions
The following functions are exported by om_kafka.
- string
get_stats() -
Return the statistic string.
Procedures
The following procedures are exported by om_kafka.
set_kafka_topic(string topic_name);-
Change the Kafka Topic that the module publishes records to.
If
topic_namematches an existing topic, it is set as the current (active) topic. Iftopic_namedoesn’t match an existing topic, a new one is created and set as the current topic.If the topic name is not a valid string, the topic will not be changed.
Examples
This configuration sends events to a Kafka cluster using the brokers
specified. Events are published to the first partition of the nxlog topic.
<Output out>
Module om_kafka
BrokerList localhost:9092,192.168.88.35:19092
Topic nxlog
LogqueueSize 100000
Partition 0
Protocol ssl
CAFile %CERTDIR%/ca.pem
CertFile %CERTDIR%/client-cert.pem
CertKeyFile %CERTDIR%/client-key.pem
KeyPass thisisasecret
</Output>This configuration sends events to a Kafka cluster using the brokers
specified. Authentication is done via SASL OAUTHBEARER mechanism with
support for OIDC. Events are published to the first partition of
the nxlog topic.
<Output out>
Module om_kafka
LogqueueSize 100000
BrokerList localhost:9092,192.168.88.35:19092
Topic nxlog
Partition 0
Protocol sasl_ssl
CAFile %CERTDIR%/ca.pem
CertFile %CERTDIR%/client-cert.pem
CertKeyFile %CERTDIR%/client-key.pem
KeyPass thisisasecret
SASLMechanism OAUTHBEARER
SASLOAuthBearerClientID client-id
SASLOAuthBearerClientSecret client-secret
SASLOAuthBearerEndpointURL https://oauth2.endpoint.com/
SASLOAuthBearerExtensions key1=value1,key2=value2
SASLOAuthBearerScope write
</Output>The built-in support for SCRAM in the librdkafka library and the flexibility of the Option directive implemented in NXLog Agent allow you to set up a secure connection between your broker and NXLog Agent.
This type of connection is considered the most secure when communicating with Kafka.
By default, the Kafka SCRAM authentication only requires three parameters to be set from the librdkafka library:
-
Username
-
Password
-
SASL Mechanism
It is important to note that the Kafka connection’s prerequisites may differ depending on the broker you are connecting to. Vendors usually have detailed documentation on their requirements so that you can find the correct settings for the Options directive.
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See the Integrate with a SIEM service using Kafka part in the Citrix documentation and the Configure SASL/SCRAM authentication for Confluent Platform in the Confluence documentation to understand better some of the unique requirements you may encounter for a SCRAM Kafka connection. Both of these are great examples, yet many others exist. |
This example utilizes a set of dedicated directives to define Kafka parameters and another set of Option directives to define additional Kafka parameters related to SCRAM.
<Output out>
Module om_kafka
BrokerList localhost:9092,192.168.88.35:19092
Topic YOURTOPIC
Protocol sasl_ssl
CAFile %CERTDIR%/kafka.client.truststore.pem
CertKeyFile ssl.ca.location %CERTDIR%/kafka.client.truststore.pem
Option sasl.mechanism SCRAM-SHA-256 (1)
Option sasl.username USERNAME (2)
Option sasl.password PASSWORD (3)
Option session.timeout.ms 60000 (4)
Option auto.offset.reset earliest (5)
</Output>| 1 | Defines the SASL authentication mechanism |
| 2 | Your Kafka username |
| 3 | Your Kafka password |
| 4 | Session timeout for detecting client failures |
| 5 | Defines the behavior while consuming data from a topic partition when there is no initial offset |
The librdkafka library can produce its performance statistics and format it
in JSON. All fields from the JSON structure are explained on the
Statistics
page of the librdkafka project on the GitHub website. NXLog can be
configured to poll this data at a specified fixed interval. The result can be
saved to the internal logger.
To read statistical data of the librdkafka library, the millisecond polling
interval needs to be specified against the Option
directive using the statistics.interval.ms option.
The Schedule block sets the interval to run the code of the nested Exec block.
Inside the Exec block, the log_info() procedure is called with the kafka_in->get_stats() parameter.
To get the librdkafka statistics produced and delivered synchronously, the
statistics.interval.ms option and the Schedule block should specify the
same interval amount.
<Input to_kafka>
Module im_kafka
Topic nxlog
BrokerList localhost:9092
Option statistics.interval.ms 10000
<Schedule>
Every 10 sec
Exec log_info(to_kafka->get_stats());
</Schedule>
</Input>You may encounter a scenario where you want to split your processed input logs into different Kafka topics based on specific conditions. You can achieve this by configuring dynamic topics. With this module’s "dynamic topics" concept, you can route your log messages to different Kafka topics using the set_kafka_topic() procedure. For this example, regular expressions are used for each condition.
The below configuration reads logs from a file.
On the output side, it processes each log line to determine the appropriate Kafka topic based on the log’s content using regular expression 1, 2, and 3 and then sends these logs to a Kafka server.
These expressions are evaluated in order in an Exec block for each log event.
If a log event matches regular expression 1, the Kafka topic is set to the value captured in $1, and the log is written into that topic on the Kafka server.
If the topic does not exist, it is automatically created.
Similarly, for regular expression 2 and 3, the Kafka topic is set based on the respective captured values $2 and $3.
If none of the regular expressions match, the Kafka topic is set to default-26.
<Input input>
Module im_file
File "/input/logs"
</Input>
<Output output>
Module om_kafka
BrokerList 192.168.0.10:9092
Topic nxlog
Partition 0
<Exec> (1)
if $raw_event =~ /^ regular expression 1/ (2)
{
set_kafka_topic($1);
log_info("topic : " + $1 + " type of " + type($1));
}
else if ($raw_event =~ /^ regular expression 2/) (3)
{
set_kafka_topic($2);
log_info("topic : " + $2 + " type of " + type($2));
}
else if ($raw_event =~ /^ regular expression 3/) (4)
{
set_kafka_topic($3);
log_info("topic : " + $3 + " type of " + type($3));
}
else (5)
{
set_kafka_topic("default-26");
log_info("topic : " + "default-26" + " type of " + type(default-26));
}
</Exec>
</Output>| 1 | The Exec block with the if-else statements for evaluating the logs |
| 2 | The if statement defining the first condition with regular expression 1 |
| 3 | The else if statement defining the second condition with regular expression 2 |
| 4 | The else if statement defining the third condition with regular expression 3 |
| 5 | The else statement defining the final condition if none of the previous are met |
