Batched compression (im_batchcompress)

The im_batchcompress module provides a compressed network transport with optional SSL encryption. It uses a custom protocol to receive and decompress a batch of messages sent by om_batchcompress.

To examine the supported platforms, see the list of installation packages.

Configuration

The im_batchcompress module accepts the following directives in addition to the common module directives.

TLS/SSL directives

The following directives configure secure data transfer via TLS/SSL.

AllowExpired

Specifies if the connection should be allowed with an expired certificate. If set to TRUE, the remote host will be able to connect with an expired certificate. The default value is FALSE: the certificate must not be expired. This directive is only valid if RequireCert is set to TRUE.

AllowHostnameValidation

Specifies if the certificate FQDN should be validated against the server hostname or not. If set to TRUE, the connection will only be allowed if the certificate FQDN corresponds to the server hostname. The default value is FALSE: the remote server hostname is not validated.

AllowUntrusted

Specifies if the connection should be allowed regardless of the certificate verification results. If set to TRUE, the remote host will be able to connect with any unexpired certificate. The default value is FALSE: the remote host must present a trusted certificate.

CADir

Path to a directory containing certificate authority (CA) certificates. These certificates will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. The certificate files must be named using the OpenSSL hashed format, i.e. the hash of the certificate followed by .0, .1 etc. To find the hash of a certificate using OpenSSL:

$ openssl x509 -hash -noout -in ca.crt

For example, if the certificate hash is e2f14e4a, then the certificate filename should be e2f14e4a.0. If there is another certificate with the same hash then it should be named e2f14e4a.1 and so on.

A remote host’s self-signed certificate (which is not signed by a CA) can also be trusted by including a copy of the certificate in this directory.

CAFile

Path of the certificate authority (CA) certificate that will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. A remote host’s self-signed certificate (which is not signed by a CA) can be trusted by specifying the remote host certificate itself. In the case of certificates signed by an intermediate CA, the certificate specified must contain the complete certificate chain (certificate bundle).

CAPattern

This optional directive, supported only on Windows, defines a pattern for locating a suitable CA (Certificate Authority) certificate and its thumbprint in the native Windows Certificate Storage. The pattern must follow PCRE2 rules and use the format "SUBJECT=, CN=, DN=, SAN=" where DN is "CN=, O=, OU=, L=, ST=, C=". During configuration, this directive resolves into the corresponding CAThumbprint value. If multiple matching certificates are found, the first encountered thumbprint is selected. We recommend ensuring that the used certificate storage is well-maintained for optimal performance. This feature is not dynamic; the agent must be restarted if the certificate changes. This directive is mutually exclusive with the CAThumbprint directive.

Configuration examples:

CAPattern    'Test' + ' ' + 'Root'

or

CAPattern    $domain

A normal log output example would look like as follows:

matching pattern [DN=CN=Client\.example\.com;.*?SAN=DNS:Client\.example\.com] to certificate [SUBJECT=US, ClientState, ClientCity, ClientCompany, ClientUnit, Client.example.com, CN=Client.example.com; DN=CN=Client.example.com, O=ClientCompany, OU=ClientUnit, L=ClientCity, ST=ClientState, C=US; SAN=DNS:Client.example.com; DNS:www.Client.example.com; IP:127.0.0.3; ]

This directive is only supported on Windows.

CAThumbprint

This optional directive, supported only on Windows, specifies the thumbprint of the certificate authority (CA) certificate that will be used to verify the certificate presented by the remote host. The hexadecimal fingerprint string can be copied from Windows Certificate Manager (certmgr.msc). Whitespaces are automatically removed. The certificate must be added to a Windows certificate store that is accessible by NXLog Agent. This directive is mutually exclusive with the CADir, CAFile and CAPattern directives.

CertFile

Path of the certificate file that will be presented to the remote host during the SSL handshake.

CertKeyFile

Path of the private key file that was used to generate the certificate specified by the CertFile directive. This is used for the SSL handshake.

CertPattern

This optional directive, supported only on Windows, defines a pattern for identifying a corresponding certificate and its thumbprint within the native Windows Certificate Storage. The pattern must follow PCRE2 rules and use the format "SUBJECT=, CN=, DN=, SAN=" where DN is "CN=, O=, OU=, L=, ST=, C=". The certificate must be imported in PFX format into the Local Computer\Personal certificate store for NXLog Agent to locate it. During configuration, this directive is resolved into the corresponding CertThumbprint value. The first found thumbprint will be chosen if multiple certificates match the pattern. We recommend ensuring that the used certificate storage is well-maintained for optimal performance. This feature is not dynamic; the agent must be restarted if the certificate changes. This directive is mutually exclusive with the CertThumbprint directive.

Configuration examples:

CertPattern    $hostname + 'Cert'

or

CertPattern    DN=CN=Client\.example\.com;.*?SAN=DNS:Client\.example\.com

A normal log output example would look like as follows:

matching pattern [DN=CN=Client\.example\.com;.*?SAN=DNS:Client\.example\.com] to certificate [SUBJECT=US, ClientState, ClientCity, ClientCompany, ClientUnit, Client.example.com, CN=Client.example.com; DN=CN=Client.example.com, O=ClientCompany, OU=ClientUnit, L=ClientCity, ST=ClientState, C=US; SAN=DNS:Client.example.com; DNS:www.Client.example.com; IP:127.0.0.3; ]

CertThumbprint

This optional directive, supported only on Windows, specifies the thumbprint of the certificate that will be presented to the remote server during the HTTPS handshake. The hexadecimal fingerprint string can be copied from Windows Certificate Manager (certmgr.msc). Whitespaces are automatically removed. The certificate must be imported to the Local Computer\Personal certificate store in PFX format for NXLog Agent to find it. Run the following command to create a PFX file from the certificate and private key using OpenSSL:

$ openssl pkcs12 -export -out server.pfx -inkey server.key -in server.pem

When the global directive UseCNGCertificates is set to FALSE the private key associated with the certificate must be exportable.

  • If you generate the certificate request using Windows Certificate Manager, enable the Make private key exportable option from the certificate properties.

  • If you import the certificate with the Windows Certificate Import Wizard, make sure that the Mark this key as exportable option is enabled.

  • If you migrate the certificate and associated private key from one Windows machine to another, select Yes, export the private key when exporting from the source machine.

On the contrary, when the global directive UseCNGCertificates is set to TRUE the private key associated with the certificate does not have to be exportable. In cases like TPM modules, the private key is always nonexportable.

The usage of the directive is the same in all cases:

CertThumbprint    7c2cc5a5fb59d4f46082a510e74df17da95e2152

This directive is only supported on Windows and is mutually exclusive with the CertFile and CertKeyFile directives.

CRLDir

Path to a directory containing certificate revocation list (CRL) files. These CRL files will be used to check for certificates that were revoked and should no longer be accepted. The files must be named using the OpenSSL hashed format, i.e. the hash of the issuer followed by .r0, .r1 etc. To find the hash of the issuer of a CRL file using OpenSSL:

$ openssl crl -hash -noout -in crl.pem

For example if the hash is e2f14e4a, then the filename should be e2f14e4a.r0. If there is another file with the same hash then it should be named e2f14e4a.r1 and so on.

CRLFile

Path of the certificate revocation list (CRL) which will be used to check for certificates that have been revoked and should no longer be accepted. Example to generate a CRL file using OpenSSL:

$ openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem

DHFile

This optional directive specifies a file with dh-parameters for Diffie-Hellman key exchange. These parameters can be generated with dhparam(1ssl). If this directive is not specified, default parameters will be used. See the OpenSSL Wiki for further details.

KeyPass

Passphrase of the private key specified by the CertKeyFile directive. A passphrase is required when the private key is encrypted.

The following example generates a private key with Triple DES encryption using OpenSSL:

$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048

This directive is not required for passwordless private keys.

LoadCertificateChains

If set to TRUE, try to load higher-level certificates from the referenced PEM file which may contain only one certificate or the whole chain. The default value is FALSE: certificates will be instead loaded from the operating system certification storage.

This directive is only supported on Windows.

RequireCert

Specifies if the remote host must present a certificate. If set to TRUE and a certificate is not presented during the SSL handshake, the connection will be refused. The default value is TRUE: each connection must use a certificate.

SearchAllCertStores

This optional directive, supported only on Windows, if set to TRUE, enables the loading of all available Windows certificates into NXLog Agent for use during remote certificate verification. Any required certificates must be added to a Windows certificate store that NXLog Agent can access. This directive is mutually exclusive with the CAThumbprint, CADir, and CAFile directives.

Sigalgs

The signature algorithm parameter that is being sent to the Windows SSL library. Allowed values depend on the available encryption providers.

This directive is only supported on Windows.

SNI

This optional directive specifies the hostname used for Server Name Indication (SNI).

SSLCipher

This optional directive can be used to set the permitted cipher list for TLSv1.2 and below, overriding the default. Use the format described in the ciphers(1ssl) man page. For example specify RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL to include all ciphers with RSA authentication but leave out ciphers without encryption.

If RSA or DSA ciphers with Diffie-Hellman key exchange are used, DHFile can be set for specifying custom dh-parameters.

SSLCiphersuites

This optional directive can be used to set the permitted cipher list for TLSv1.3. Use the same format as in the SSLCipher directive. Refer to the OpenSSL documentation for a list of valid TLS v1.3 cipher suites. The default value is:

TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

SSLCompression

Specifies if data compression is enabled when sending data over the network. The compression mechanism is based on the zlib compression library. The default value is FALSE: compression is disabled.

Some Linux packages (for example, Debian) use the OpenSSL library provided by the OS and may not support the zlib compression mechanism. The module will emit a warning on startup if the compression support is missing. The generic deb/rpm packages are bundled with a zlib-enabled libssl library.

SSLProtocol

This directive can be used to set the allowed SSL/TLS protocol(s). It takes a comma-separated list of values which can be any of the following: SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, and TLSv1.3. By default, the TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3 protocols are allowed. Note that the OpenSSL library shipped by Linux distributions may not support SSLv2 and SSLv3, and these will not work even if enabled with this directive.

UseCNGCertificates

If set to TRUE, the module uses the Windows Cryptography API: Next Generation (CNG) to access the private keys associated with certificates identified by a thumbprint.

This directive is only supported on Windows.

Optional directives

ListenAddr

The module accepts connections on this IP address or DNS hostname. For security, the default listen address is localhost (the localhost loopback address is not accessible from the outside). To receive logs from remote hosts, the address specified here must be accessible.

The port number can be defined by appending it to the hostname or IP address using a colon as a separator (host:port). The default port is 2514. IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets ([addr]:port).

Using the any address 0.0.0.0:2514 for IPv4 and [::]:2514 for IPv6 connections is common.

You can define this directive multiple times to listen on multiple addresses or ports in a single module instance. Specify IPv4 and IPv6 addresses separately as needed. If you use a DNS name, you should keep the addresses or CNAMEs below 16 to avoid issues caused by DNS response size limits.

When the Host directive is used with a hostname instead of an IP address, the hostname will be resolved to an IP address for each new connection. If a resolver, e.g. DNS, returns multiple IP addresses, the module will connect to the first IP address. If a single output instance is configured with multiple Host directives or the resolver returns multiple addresses for a name, these hosts are accessed in failover mode. If a Host directive is configured with a hostname, the product performs a name lookup and establishes the connection to the first reachable address in the returned set of addresses. The module will remain connected to that address until it is stopped, or the connection is severed. DNS changes are therefore not picked up by the module without intervention. If the connection fails to the first address of the set, the module will attempt to connect to the next address, until it reaches the end of the set of addresses. Then it performs a lookup on the next Host directive, if so configured. Once all options are exhausted, the module will start over from the first Host directive, cycling through them again until the connection can be re-established.

AllowIP

This optional directive can be used to allow IP addresses and/or networks to connect. The directive can be set multiple times to add different IPs or networks to allow. This directive is only active when the ListenAddr directive is present. In the absence of this directive, the BlockIP directive is considered. If both AllowIP and BlockIP are absent, then hosts are not restricted from connecting to a listening module.

The following formats may be used for the AllowIP directive:

  • 0.0.0.0 (IPv4 address)

  • 0.0.0.0/32 (IPv4 network with subnet bits)

  • 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 (IPv4 network with subnet address)

  • aa::1 (IPv6 address)

  • aa::12/64 (IPv6 network with subnet bits)

BlockIP

This optional directive can be used to deny IP addresses and/or networks to connect. The directive can be set multiple times to add different IPs or networks to deny. This directive is only active when the ListenAddr directive is present. In the absence of this directive, the AllowIP directive is considered. If both AllowIP and BlockIP are absent, then hosts are not restricted from connecting to a listening module.

The following formats may be used for the BlockIP directive:

  • 0.0.0.0 (IPv4 address)

  • 0.0.0.0/32 (IPv4 network with subnet bits)

  • 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 (IPv4 network with subnet address)

  • aa::1 (IPv6 address)

  • aa::12/64 (IPv6 network with subnet bits)

MaxConnections

With this optional directive it is possible to set the maximum number of allowed concurrent/active connections for a listening TCP socket. If not specified, the default value is 4294967295, unlimited. When the limit is reached, the incoming connection will be rejected and an error message is shown in the selflog

2024-03-01 22:29:16 ERROR [im_tcp|in_tcp] Number of allowed active connections(10) reached: 10. Refusing connection from 127.0.0.1

ConnectionIdleTimeout

This optional directive defines the maximum time in seconds before NXLog Agent closes TCP connections without traffic. The minimum timeout value is 15 seconds. If this directive is not specified, NXLog Agent does not close idle TCP connections.

ExclusiveAddrUse

This optional boolean directive specifies whether the module instance should exclusively bind to the specified port. The default value is FALSE; multiple module instances can bind to the same port.

This directive is only supported on Windows platforms.

ReuseAddr

This optional boolean directive determines whether the module instance should forcibly bind to a port already in use. The default value is TRUE; multiple instances can listen on the same port and process data simultaneously.

ReusePort

This optional boolean directive specifies whether multiple im_batchcompress module instances can listen on the same port. When you enable this directive, multiple instances run in a separate thread, allowing NXLog Agent to process incoming logs simultaneously. See the examples below. The default value is FALSE; multiple instances cannot bind to the same port.

This directive is not supported on Windows platforms.

Fields

The following fields are used by im_batchcompress.

$MessageSourceAddress (type: ipaddr)

The IP address of the remote host.

Examples

Example 1. Reading batch compressed data

This configuration listens on port 2514 for incoming log batches and writes them to file.

nxlog.conf
<Input batchcompress>
    Module      im_batchcompress
    ListenAddr  0.0.0.0:2514
</Input>

<Output file>
    Module      om_file
    File        "tmp/output"
</Output>

<Route batchcompress_to_file>
    Path        batchcompress => file
</Route>